For example cats, dogs and lions. Predators Kill for food. They are either secondary or tertiary consumers. Prey The animals that predators feed on. Scavengers Feed on dead animals. For example ...

Because heterotrophs such as animals do not assimilate ... species do not easily fall into trophic levels but rather occur in a staggered hierarchy. For example, the megalopteran could be ...

Trophic cascades occur when predators limit the density and/or behavior of their prey and thereby enhance survival of the next lower trophic level ... For example, Jackson (1997) has argued ...