The graph tries to show what drove the deficit from $480b to $850b.Tis true, ... Changes in the real exchange rate tend to have a bigger impact on US exports than imports.

We develop a model in which specialized bond investors must absorb shocks to the supply and demand for long-term bonds in two currencies. Since long-term bonds and foreign exchange are both exposed to ...

This paper examines the impact of Dollar exchange rate volatility on firm productivity in Emerging Markets economies (EMs). Using firm level data covering 16 EMs over the period 1998 -2019, the paper ...