Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Starting with the sensor, measuring and controlling temperature is an essential building block of process industries. Automatic control in continuous processes uses industrial control systems to ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

New ISA technical report distills thousands of pages of PID references for improving process performance. Even though controllers using the proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) algorithm have been ...