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Initially, the VTA was thought to be merely the brain's reward center. But in the 1990s, scientists discovered that it doesn't encode reward itself, but rather the prediction of reward.'' ...
FGF21 acts in the brain to drive macronutrient-specific changes in behavioral motivation and brain reward signaling. Molecular Metabolism, 2025; 91: 102068 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102068 ...