Unlike an ICE vehicle, an EV lacks an alternator to recharge the 12-volt battery. Instead, the controller also manages a DC-to-DC converter that charges the 12-volt battery using the high-voltage ...

The system takes direct current (DC) from the main battery and steps it down from the pack's voltage—usually anywhere from 300 to 900 volts—to the charging voltage of a 12-volt battery which ...