Clumping index (CI) is an important vegetation structure parameter in the estimation of leaf area index (LAI) and the modeling of ecological and meteorological process. With the development of surface ...

The information about tree canopy structure is crucial for better understanding the process of radiation propagation. Clumping index (CI) describes the nonrandom distribution of foliage in canopy.

Tall fescue pastures turn up the heat Cattle grazing on tall fescue grass when temperatures rise is a recipe for disaster. Toxic endophytes in fescue can turn up the cattle’s body heat.

COLUMBIA, Mo. — Cattle rid their bodies of heat in three ways: radiation, convection and evaporation. “If your cattle can’t use all three methods, they’ll overheat fast,” says University of Missouri ...