Ecosystem management Ecosystem management focuses on sustaining and restoring ecosystem health while balancing ecological, economic and social needs. By recognizing the interconnectedness of natural ...

Ecosystem services like food, water, climate regulation, and nutrient cycling are crucial for sustaining environmental balance and human well-being (Costanza et al., 2014; Morimoto, 2020). In this ...

Introduction: Cropland ecosystem is one of the fundamental natural resources for human survival and development, serving not only as the core carrier of food production but also as an important ...