[The 9/11 attacks gave birth to a popular discourse on "Islamism"—both signifier and the signified—in the Western world that predictably returned data showing accentuated potential threats and ...

Islamism, according to critics ... That year Gilles Kepel's 1984 book, subtitled Les Mouvements Islamistes dans I'Egypte Contemporaine, was published in English as Muslim Extremism in Egypt.

Montclos, Marc-Antoine Pérouse de (ed.) (2014) Boko Haram: Islamism, politics, security and the state in Nigeria. Leiden: African Studies Centre. West African Politics and Society Series. This book is ...