The scale we ultimately developed included many questions from our first pretest, but we were able to iteratively improve upon it through repeated pretesting. Next steps In the end, we were relatively ...

Previous research has found that respondents are likely to assume that half the top endpoint is a scale’s midpoint, so when half the top endpoint is not an answer option (e.g., 3.5 on the 1–7 scale), ...

You’ve probably seen a Likert Scale even if you don’t know the ubiquitous measurement tool by name. In its traditional form, a researcher presents a statement followed by five response options of ...

• Articulate specific business goals, target audience personas, research questions and success metrics first, then select optimal AI techniques. Don’t let the technology direct strategy.

The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-reported questionnaire that rates depressive symptoms experienced within the past week.