An empirical model is proposed for predicting layout dependent thickness variations in the semi-additive copper electrochemical plating (ECP) process. These variations are believed to be caused by the ...

Uncontrolled lithium (Li) plating/stripping is one of the most fatal problems of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we modified a copper (Cu) foil current collector surface with an indium nitride ...

AC pulse heating is a promising preheating method for lithium-ion batteries due to its low energy cost and high efficiency. To avoid the lithium plating in the AC heating, upper bound of heating ...