Examples on these pages illustrate the details of reference formats. We make every attempt to show examples that are in keeping with APA Style’s guiding principles of inclusivity and bias-free language.

References provide the information necessary for readers to identify and retrieve each work cited in the text. Check each reference carefully against the original publication to ensure information is accurate …

This page contains reference examples for journal articles, including articles with article numbers, articles with missing information, retractions, abstracts, online-only supplemental material, and …

Oct 20, 2025 · This guide contains common examples of APA Style references. Section numbers indicate where to find the examples in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological …

Jun 4, 2020 · This page contains reference examples for webpages such as news website; comments on news website pages; webpages with government, organizational, or individual authors; and when …

This page contains reference examples for whole authored books, whole edited books, republished books, and multivolume works. Note that print books and ebooks are formatted the same.

Mar 13, 2020 · Learn how to write references and in-text citations for hundreds of different kinds of works in APA Style.

Answering these four questions will help you create a reference entry for any type of work, even if you do not see a specific example in the Publication Manual that matches it.

The following example shows the proper format of an APA Style reference list. Follow these directions for an APA Style reference list: Start the reference list on a new page after the text. Write the label …

Feb 23, 2022 · For book and report references, place any identifying information (e.g., edition, report number, volume number) in parentheses after the title. Do not add a period between the title and the …